AMPK (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase)

Category: pathway

A master energy sensor that activates catabolic pathways when cellular energy is low. Key target for metformin, berberine, and exercise-mediated metabolic benefits.

Mechanism Detail

AMPK is activated by rising AMP/ATP ratios (energy depletion). It phosphorylates TSC2 to inhibit mTORC1, activates ULK1 to initiate autophagy, stimulates glucose uptake via GLUT4, promotes fatty acid oxidation via ACC phosphorylation, and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α activation.

Clinical Status

AMPK activation is the mechanism of metformin, berberine, and exercise benefits. AICAR (direct AMPK activator) tested in preclinical models. No specific AMPK-activating drugs approved for cancer/neurodegeneration.

Relevant Diseases

• Stage IV Cancer
• Alzheimer's Disease
• Parkinson's Disease

Relevant Therapies

• Nutraceuticals
• Lifestyle Interventions

Related Terms

• Metformin
• Berberine
• mTOR
• Autophagy