Exosomes

Category: mechanism

Nano-sized extracellular vesicles (30-150nm) secreted by cells that carry proteins, lipids, and RNA. Being developed as drug delivery vehicles and as therapeutics themselves.

Mechanism Detail

Exosomes are released via multivesicular body fusion with the plasma membrane. MSC-derived exosomes carry anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and miRNAs that recapitulate many therapeutic effects of parent cells without cell transplantation risks. They naturally cross the blood-brain barrier and can be engineered to display targeting ligands.

Clinical Status

Phase I/II trials for MSC exosomes in stroke, Alzheimer's, and cancer. Exosome-based liquid biopsies for cancer diagnosis are commercialized. Manufacturing standardization is the main challenge.

Relevant Diseases

Relevant Therapies

Related Terms