Gut-Brain Axis

Category: mechanism

Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system via the vagus nerve, immune system, and microbial metabolites.

Mechanism Detail

Gut microbiota produce short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate), neurotransmitters (serotonin, GABA, dopamine), and regulate immune responses affecting neuroinflammation. Dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability ('leaky gut'), allowing LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines to reach the brain. α-Synuclein pathology in Parkinson's may originate in the gut.

Clinical Status

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) trials for Parkinson's disease. Probiotic interventions for cognitive decline. The Braak hypothesis (gut-origin of PD) is increasingly supported by evidence.

Relevant Diseases

Relevant Therapies

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