Methylene Blue

Category: compound

A synthetic dye and mitochondrial electron carrier being studied for neuroprotection, anti-tau aggregation, and cognitive enhancement.

Mechanism Detail

Methylene blue acts as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, bypassing Complex I/III dysfunction. It inhibits tau protein aggregation, reduces oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation, and enhances mitochondrial respiration. At low doses, it improves memory and attention in animal models.

Clinical Status

LMTX (TRx0237, a methylene blue derivative) failed Phase III for Alzheimer's but showed benefit as monotherapy. FDA-approved for methemoglobinemia. Low-dose cognitive enhancement studies ongoing.

Relevant Diseases

Relevant Therapies

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