Nrf2-ARE Pathway

Category: pathway

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 — the master regulator of cellular antioxidant defense. Activates Phase II detoxification enzymes and cytoprotective genes.

Mechanism Detail

Under oxidative stress, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1 (its cytoplasmic inhibitor), translocates to the nucleus, and binds Antioxidant Response Elements (AREs) in gene promoters. This upregulates HO-1 (heme oxygenase), NQO1, glutathione S-transferases, and thioredoxin. Nrf2 also suppresses NF-κB inflammation and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis.

Clinical Status

Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera, an Nrf2 activator) is FDA-approved for MS. Sulforaphane is the most studied natural Nrf2 activator. Bardoxolone methyl in trials for kidney disease.

Relevant Diseases

Relevant Therapies

Related Terms