Photobiomodulation (PBM)

Category: technique

Low-level light therapy using red and near-infrared wavelengths (630-1000nm) to stimulate mitochondrial function and promote tissue repair.

Mechanism Detail

Red/NIR photons are absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, dissociating inhibitory nitric oxide and increasing electron flow. This boosts ATP production, reduces ROS, and activates signaling cascades (NF-κB, MAPK) that promote cell survival and neuroplasticity.

Clinical Status

FDA-cleared for pain and wound healing. Transcranial PBM for neurological conditions is in Phase II trials. Home-use devices available.

Relevant Diseases

Relevant Therapies

Related Terms