Tumor Microenvironment (TME)

Category: mechanism

The complex ecosystem surrounding tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix that influences cancer progression and therapy resistance.

Mechanism Detail

The TME contains immunosuppressive cells (Tregs, MDSCs, M2 macrophages), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and aberrant vasculature creating hypoxic zones. Tumors secrete TGF-β, IL-10, PD-L1 to create immune-excluded 'cold' tumors. Overcoming the TME is the central challenge for CAR-T, checkpoint inhibitors, and cell therapies in solid tumors.

Clinical Status

TME-targeting strategies include anti-VEGF (bevacizumab), CAF depletion, MDSC inhibition, and 'cold-to-hot' tumor conversion. Combination immunotherapy approaches aim to remodel the TME.

Relevant Diseases

Relevant Therapies

Related Terms