Molecular Hydrogen (H₂) for ALS
Also known as: H2 therapy, Hydrogen water, Hydrogen gas inhalation
Molecular hydrogen selectively neutralizes hydroxyl radicals — the most damaging ROS — without affecting beneficial signaling ROS.
Mechanism of Action
H₂ diffuses freely through cell membranes and selectively scavenges •OH and ONOO⁻ (the most cytotoxic ROS) while preserving H₂O₂ and NO needed for cell signaling. It activates Nrf2, reduces NF-κB, and protects mitochondrial function in motor neurons.
General mechanism: Selective antioxidant gas. Scavenges •OH and ONOO⁻ while preserving signaling ROS. Nrf2 activator, NF-κB inhibitor.
Current Evidence
Pilot studies in ALS show safety of hydrogen water. Preclinical models show motor neuron protection. A randomized trial in Japan showed safety and potential efficacy signals.
Clinical Status: Phase II pilot trials for ALS. Available as hydrogen water.
Safety Profile
Extremely safe. No toxicity at therapeutic concentrations. Non-flammable at <4% concentration. No side effects reported.
Key Research Questions
- Can H₂ inhalation achieve higher tissue concentrations than hydrogen water?
- Does selective ROS scavenging by H₂ protect motor neurons without impairing immune defense?