Creatine Monohydrate for Parkinson's Disease
Also known as: Creatine
Mitochondrial energy failure in PD dopaminergic neurons may be partially addressed by creatine's ATP buffering capacity.
Mechanism of Action
Creatine/phosphocreatine system buffers ATP in dopaminergic neurons with impaired Complex I. It reduces oxidative stress from dopamine metabolism and supports vesicular dopamine storage requiring ATP-dependent VMAT2.
General mechanism: Phosphocreatine energy buffer. ATP stabilization, mitochondrial protection, anti-apoptotic, muscle preservation.
Current Evidence
NET-PD trial (Phase III, 2015) showed no benefit at 5g/day in early PD. Study may have been underpowered or dose may have been insufficient for CNS effect.
Clinical Status: Phase III negative (NET-PD). Available as supplement.
Safety Profile
Extremely safe. Decades of safety data. GI effects at high loading doses. Water retention. Safe long-term at 3-5g/day.
Key Research Questions
- Was the NET-PD dose sufficient for CNS neuroprotection?
- Can creatine benefit PD patients with predominant mitochondrial dysfunction?