Molecular Hydrogen (H₂) for Parkinson's Disease
Also known as: H2 therapy, Hydrogen water, Hydrogen gas inhalation
H₂ selectively neutralizes hydroxyl radicals in dopaminergic neurons without disrupting dopamine signaling.
Mechanism of Action
H₂ scavenges •OH produced by iron-catalyzed Fenton reactions in dopamine metabolism. It protects Complex I from oxidative inhibition, reduces 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic damage, and activates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense in the substantia nigra.
General mechanism: Selective antioxidant gas. Scavenges •OH and ONOO⁻ while preserving signaling ROS. Nrf2 activator, NF-κB inhibitor.
Current Evidence
Randomized trial (Yoritaka et al., 2013) showed hydrogen water improved UPDRS scores in PD patients. Follow-up studies support safety. Larger confirmatory trials planned.
Clinical Status: Phase II trials for PD. Hydrogen water showed UPDRS improvement.
Safety Profile
Extremely safe. No toxicity at therapeutic concentrations. Non-flammable at <4% concentration. No side effects reported.
Key Research Questions
- Can H₂ slow PD progression as measured by DaTscan?
- Is hydrogen gas inhalation more effective than hydrogen water for PD?