TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid) for Parkinson's Disease
Also known as: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, Taurursodiol
TUDCA protects dopaminergic neurons from ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction — two drivers of Parkinson's pathology.
Mechanism of Action
In Parkinson's models, TUDCA prevents alpha-synuclein-induced ER stress, reduces mitochondrial fragmentation, and inhibits dopaminergic neuron apoptosis. It also modulates neuroinflammation by reducing microglial activation.
General mechanism: Bile acid with anti-apoptotic (mitochondrial stabilization) and chemical chaperone (ER stress reduction) properties.
Current Evidence
Preclinical models show preservation of dopaminergic neurons. A pilot study in Parkinson's patients showed trends toward benefit. Larger trials needed.
Clinical Status: Early clinical investigation for Parkinson's. Available as supplement.
Safety Profile
Very well-tolerated. Mild GI effects at high doses. Long history of safe use as a supplement and in bile acid replacement.
Key Research Questions
- Does TUDCA reduce alpha-synuclein aggregation in vivo?
- Can it be combined with levodopa to slow disease progression?