EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) for Alzheimer's Disease
Also known as: Green tea extract, EGCg
EGCG directly inhibits amyloid-beta and tau aggregation while providing potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant neuroprotection.
Mechanism of Action
EGCG remodels amyloid-beta oligomers into non-toxic conformations, inhibits tau fibril formation through aromatic ring stacking, activates α-secretase (non-amyloidogenic APP processing), chelates iron and copper that catalyze Aβ aggregation, and activates AMPK for autophagy induction.
General mechanism: Tea catechin. Iron chelator, amyloid remodeler, EGFR inhibitor, DNMT inhibitor, Nrf2 activator, proteasome modulator.
Current Evidence
Epidemiological studies link green tea consumption to reduced dementia risk. EGCG reduced Aβ pathology in multiple preclinical models. Clinical trials limited by poor bioavailability — nanoformulations being developed.
Clinical Status: Preclinical strong. Clinical limited by bioavailability. Enhanced formulations under study.
Safety Profile
Generally safe from dietary sources. Hepatotoxicity reported with concentrated supplements >800mg/day. Caffeine interactions possible.
Key Research Questions
- Can nanoparticle EGCG achieve therapeutic brain concentrations?
- Does EGCG's multi-target approach provide meaningful clinical benefit in AD?