EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) for Stage IV Cancer
Also known as: Green tea extract, EGCg
EGCG inhibits multiple cancer hallmarks including proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis through diverse molecular targets.
Mechanism of Action
EGCG inhibits EGFR signaling, suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, inhibits MMP-2/9 (anti-metastatic), induces apoptosis through p53 activation, and modulates epigenetic enzymes (DNMT, HDAC). It also inhibits proteasome function in cancer cells.
General mechanism: Tea catechin. Iron chelator, amyloid remodeler, EGFR inhibitor, DNMT inhibitor, Nrf2 activator, proteasome modulator.
Current Evidence
Extensive preclinical evidence. Polyphenon E (EGCG formulation) showed benefit in early-stage CLL. Prostate cancer chemoprevention trials show PSA reduction.
Clinical Status: Phase I/II for multiple cancers. Polyphenon E for CLL. Chemoprevention studies positive.
Safety Profile
Generally safe from dietary sources. Hepatotoxicity reported with concentrated supplements >800mg/day. Caffeine interactions possible.
Key Research Questions
- Can EGCG sensitize tumors to chemotherapy or immunotherapy?
- Does EGCG's DNMT inhibition restore tumor suppressor gene expression?