Omega-3 (DHA/EPA) for Stage IV Cancer
Also known as: DHA, EPA, Fish oil, Docosahexaenoic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid
Omega-3s reduce cancer-related inflammation and cachexia while potentially enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.
Mechanism of Action
EPA/DHA compete with arachidonic acid, reducing pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production (PGE2, LTB4). They generate anti-inflammatory SPMs, inhibit NF-κB, reduce cancer-induced muscle wasting (cachexia), and may sensitize tumors to chemotherapy through membrane incorporation.
General mechanism: Essential fatty acids. Neuronal membrane component, SPM precursor, NF-κB inhibitor, anti-cachexia, BDNF enhancer.
Current Evidence
Clinical trials show EPA reduces cancer cachexia and improves quality of life. Some evidence of improved chemotherapy response. REDUCE-IT cardiovascular data informs dosing.
Clinical Status: Phase II/III for cancer cachexia. Supportive care evidence strong.
Safety Profile
Very safe. Fishy aftertaste. Mild GI effects. Bleeding risk at very high doses. Monitor with anticoagulants.
Key Research Questions
- Can omega-3 supplementation reduce cancer treatment side effects?
- Does membrane DHA incorporation sensitize tumors to therapy?