Research Glossary
57 terms with mechanism descriptions, clinical status, and disease relevance.
- BPC-157 (Body Protective Compound) — A synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice protein. Shows tis...
- Fenbendazole — A broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic being investigated for anti-cancer p...
- Tofersen (Qalsody) — An antisense oligonucleotide targeting SOD1 mRNA, approved by the FDA for SOD1-m...
- Curcumin (BCM-95 / Theracurmin) — A polyphenol from turmeric with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential an...
- Anktiva (N-803) — An IL-15 superagonist that activates NK cells and CD8+ T cells. FDA-approved for...
- Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) — A mitochondrial electron transport chain cofactor and potent lipid-soluble antio...
- Ivermectin — A macrocyclic lactone with antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-...
- Lecanemab (Leqembi) — An anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibody approved for early Alzheimer's disease....
- CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing — A revolutionary gene editing technology that uses guide RNA to direct the Cas9 n...
- Photobiomodulation (PBM) — Low-level light therapy using red and near-infrared wavelengths (630-1000nm) to ...
- CAR-T Cell Therapy — Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy — engineering a patient's own T cells t...
- Ketogenic Diet Protocol — A high-fat, very-low-carbohydrate dietary intervention that shifts metabolism to...
- NF-κB Signaling Pathway — A master regulator of inflammation and immune response. Constitutive activation ...
- SOD1 (Superoxide Dismutase 1) — A gene encoding the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1. Mutations cause ~...
- Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) — A peptide fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that forms plaques in ...
- LRRK2 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2) — A kinase enzyme whose gain-of-function mutations are the most common genetic cau...
- mTOR Signaling Pathway — Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin — a central regulator of cell growth, metabolism...
- BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) — A key neurotrophin that supports neuron survival, synaptic plasticity, and neuro...
- Mebendazole — A benzimidazole anthelmintic studied for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory prope...
- Resveratrol — A polyphenol stilbenoid found in grapes and berries with sirtuin-activating, ant...
- NMN / NAD+ Precursors — Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are NAD+ precur...
- Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) — A thymic peptide hormone that modulates T-cell maturation and dendritic cell fun...
- TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) — A synthetic version of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide involved i...
- Niclosamide — An FDA-approved anthelmintic being repurposed for cancer. Inhibits multiple onco...
- Autophagy — A cellular self-cleaning process that degrades and recycles damaged organelles a...
- Warburg Effect — The observation that cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis for energy even ...
- Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) — A presynaptic protein that misfolds and forms Lewy body aggregates in Parkinson'...
- Rapamycin (Sirolimus) — An mTOR inhibitor originally developed as an immunosuppressant, now studied as a...
- Metformin — A biguanide antidiabetic drug being repurposed for cancer prevention and longevi...
- Quercetin — A plant flavonoid with senolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties....
- Berberine — A plant alkaloid from goldenseal and barberry with AMPK-activating, anti-inflamm...
- Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus) — A medicinal mushroom containing hericenones and erinacines that stimulate nerve ...
- Psilocybin — A tryptamine psychedelic from psilocybin mushrooms being studied for neuroplasti...
- Sulforaphane — An isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables (especially broccoli sprouts) that...
- Dichloroacetate (DCA) — A pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor that reverses the Warburg effect in ca...
- Donanemab — An anti-amyloid antibody targeting pyroglutamate-modified Aβ (N3pG-Aβ) in establ...
- Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) — A periodic calorie-restricted diet designed to trigger fasting-like metabolic ch...
- NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) — A critical coenzyme for mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and sirtuin activity...
- Methylene Blue — A synthetic dye and mitochondrial electron carrier being studied for neuroprotec...
- Spermidine — A natural polyamine that induces autophagy and has demonstrated lifespan extensi...
- Senolytics — A class of drugs that selectively clear senescent cells — damaged cells that acc...
- Fisetin — A plant flavonoid found in strawberries with potent senolytic and anti-inflammat...
- Nrf2-ARE Pathway — Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 — the master regulator of cellular a...
- AMPK (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase) — A master energy sensor that activates catabolic pathways when cellular energy is...
- EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) — The primary polyphenol in green tea with anti-amyloid, anti-cancer, and neuropro...
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) — Breathing pure oxygen at elevated atmospheric pressure to increase tissue oxygen...
- Exosomes — Nano-sized extracellular vesicles (30-150nm) secreted by cells that carry protei...
- Gut-Brain Axis — Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous s...
- Tumor Microenvironment (TME) — The complex ecosystem surrounding tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts, bl...
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA) — Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective...
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors — Monoclonal antibodies that block PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 immune checkpoints, rele...
- TDP-43 (TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43) — An RNA-binding protein whose cytoplasmic aggregation is the hallmark pathology o...
- C9orf72 Repeat Expansion — The most common genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal dementia. A GGGGCC hexan...
- Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) — A neurosurgical procedure implanting electrodes in specific brain regions to mod...
- Tau Protein — A microtubule-associated protein that forms neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer...
- Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) — A secosteroid hormone with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer pr...
- Zinc-L-Carnosine (Polaprezinc) — A chelated compound of zinc and L-carnosine with gut-healing, anti-inflammatory,...